OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control mechanisms enforce policies to ensure users cannot act beyond their intended permissions. Failures in this area often result in unauthorized data disclosure, modification, or destruction, or the performance of business functions outside of user limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - This occurs when a system, application, or cloud service is improperly configured from a security standpoint, thereby creating exploitable vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These failures involve breakdowns or compromises in the software building, distribution, or update processes. They frequently stem from vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or dependencies that the system relies upon.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Challenges such as CPU performance and key management have been mitigated by modern CPUs with accelerated encryption instructions (e.g., AES support) and simplified certificate management through services like LetsEncrypt.org, alongside integrated options from major cloud providers. Beyond transport security, it is crucial to determine which data requires encryption at rest and which needs additional protection at the application layer (OSI layer 7). For instance, sensitive data such as passwords, payment card numbers, health records, and business secrets require extra safeguards, particularly when subject to privacy laws like the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or standards like the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - Injection vulnerabilities are flaws that allow attackers to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell scripts) into input fields, tricking the system into executing them as if they were legitimate parts of the program. This can lead to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design is a broad category encompassing various weaknesses characterized as “missing or ineffective control design.” It is distinct from other Top Ten risk categories. There is a clear difference between insecure design and insecure implementation; they have different root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require different remediation strategies. A secure design may still have implementation defects, but an insecure design cannot be fixed by perfect implementation because the necessary security controls were never originally designed. A key factor contributing to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling, leading to a failure in determining the appropriate level of security design required.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker successfully tricks a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures involve code and infrastructure that fail to protect against invalid or untrusted code or data being treated as trusted. Examples include applications relying on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or content delivery networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline lacking integrity checks can introduce risks of unauthorized access, malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD process that pulls code or artifacts from untrusted locations or fails to verify them (e.g., by checking signatures) before use.

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without robust logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches cannot be detected, and without alerting, rapid and effective response during security incidents is difficult. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting mechanisms hinder the initiation of active responses.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - This occurs when software fails to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual or unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, or vulnerabilities. It typically involves one or more of the following failings: the application does not prevent the unusual situation, does not identify it as it happens, or responds poorly or not at all afterwards.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and input escaping

Insecure Design
- Exploration of design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation
- Study of strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, such as multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early